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What have we learned from Journalism Never Stay Silent?

Over the past 6 weeks, we have gone over a lot with Professor Dean. Smith. We have a lot to cover, with classes being held once a week during our limited meeting times.

Week 1 We were taught about the clause of freedom

It entails six clauses, aka our First Amendment rights. Also, we learned about the importance of journalism to society.

Form own Religion

Freedom of Religion

Freedom of Speech

Freedom of the Press

Right to Peacefully Assemble 

Right to Petition and Protest the Government 

Journalists are seen as watchdogs, and our job is to report to the public what is happening in our government. It is not the press's job to keep the government secrets, but it is our job to reveal them. 

Week 2 The History of Journalism from Partisan Press to Penny Press

The three significant eras of Journalism history:

Colonial Press Era: The beginning of the newspaper

Begun in 1690 and ended in 1776.

In the year 1690, the first newspaper was produced, but under British rule, it did not last long due to criticism of British Rule. Over time, publishers realized the only way to stay in business was to write highly of the British government or hint at words of Independence from their rule. Later, as everything evolved, the mechanical press was made so that they could swiftly print multiple pages.  In 1776, they could openly criticize the government because of the Declaration of Independence.

Partisan Press Era: News stations publicly claimed who they supported

This Era was from 1789 to 1833.

During this time, America was independent and formed the Constitution and Bill Of Rights. Newspapers were starting a new age of free press until the 1798 Sedation Act. This made it a crime to criticize the government, but in 1880, Thomas Jefferson became president and killed the Sedation Act.  1823 and 1833 were the height of the era when the steam power press was made, so we were producing newspapers at a faster rate, and they could reduce the selling price while selling more papers

Penny Press Era:

Taking place from 1835 to the current day. 

During this time, journalism started the rise of news empires and influenced government politicians. We also gained more news sections, such as soft features and human interest stories. Another significant invention was the telegraph, allowing people to receive news the same day it happened; unlike before, people had to wait days to weeks for the newspaper to reach them. The next improvement was in 1848 with the Half Tone photo, which transferred pictures to newspapers and became the birth of photojournalism. 1851, the start of one of the largest news empires, the New York Times. They began the objective standards where news companies don't take political sides but report everything without opinion. Then, from 1861 to 1865, modern news started during the Civil War. 

Week 3: Combination of Journalism and Law class

This class was bringing the law into journalism while talking about essential terms and bias vs. unbiased news reporting.

Overall, the first half of the semester of the History of Journalism has been an eye-opener to see where we started and how news has expanded. 

EOTO #1 Response

My recap of our first EOTO where groups of 2 students had either a historical person related to a newspaper in relation tojournalism or the history of a newspaper company.

The presentation that stood out to me was about Reuters and AP. Reuters has been a worldwide trusted news source since 1851. AP, founded in 1846, is one of the most respected sources of news in the United States. 

                                                                                 Reuters News

Paul Reuters founded Reuters in 1851 in London. As the paper grew and continued to expand its audience, they decided in 1940 to have a set of principles for the paper to adhere to:

• It cannot be operated by a single person or a group
• Share independent freedom
• Inbias accurate news
• Media of the general public

Their values consisted of 

• Reporting news in a timely manner
• Public interest
• How far 
• Prioritizing fact, not opinion

As Reuters company grew over time, it became publicly traded on the stock market in 1980. Currently, Reuters has 105 million monthly readers 

                                            Associated Press

Associated Press News, also known as AP News, was founded on May 22, 1846. It was founded by Moses Yale Beach.Significant improvements the Ap has made over the years that led it to become a primarily renowned news source today were:

• 1935 birth of photojournalism
• 1941 began distributing news to radio 
• 1974 made its radio network 

They currently have 118.4 million users and won 59 Pulitzer prizes. Their mission statement is “ to gather with economy and efficiency an accurate and impartial resort of the news.” This mission statement is the beliefs and standards of many credible sources that are here to report on the news and not give their biased opinions

The Liberator

The Liberator, a newspaper running from 1831 to 1865, started in Boston, Massachusetts. The papers’ main topics were the inhumanity of slavery and rebellions led by African Americans. The Liberator was the most anti-slavery paper in the 19th century. 

The publisher and editor was William Lloyd Garrison. He was in his position for 35 years before ending the paper. Lloyd was known as a printer, pacifist, civil rights activist, suffragist, and racial abolitionist. He gave many anti-slavery speeches and denounced the national sin of slavery. Garrison considered himself a "Black abolitionist that demands uncompensated end to slavery and for political and social equality.” 

The Liberator was able to start publishing thanks mainly to African American groups raising funding. About 3,000 copies were published weekly, primarily distributed in the north and read mainly by African Americans. They published articles from African American poets and writers, sermons, and treatment of enslaved people in the South, wanting equality for African Americans. 

The first copy of the paper was published on January 1, 1831. It was an introduction of himself and what the paper focused on. Largely defining quotes from the paper were:

“My name is ‘LIBERATOR’ ! I propose to hurl my shafts at freedoms deadliest foes!”

“I am in charge to save Man from his brother! - to redeem the slave !”

“ I will be as harsh as truth, and as uncompromising as justice” 

The impacts of this paper were extremely different; either it was strongly supported or simply criminal. In the North, it was supported, but in the South, it was criminal

In the north, The Liberator was strongly supported and produced. It gained more support for the freeing of slaves and equal treatment. In the South, simply reading the paper was considered criminal. Not only was the paper criminal, but Georgia offered a reward of $3,000 for Garrison's capture, and he was indicted in North Carolina for distributing anti-slavery material. 

The Liberator's major events covered were the Nat Turner Rebellion, the John Brown Raid, The Civil War, and the Boston Underground Railroad. Although Garrison was a pacifist, he did not shyly cover news, even gruesome news. He also worked with key figures such as Fredrick Douglass, Lucy Stone, Wendell Phillips, and Aby Kelly Foster.

The Liberator's last post was in December 1865. The end of the Civil War, the Emancipation Proclamation, and the 13th Amendment led to the end of the paper. Garrison's fight for the freedom of slaves was over; therefore, he felt that his and The Liberators’ jobs were complete.

Why Am I Here?

Hello, I am Kamille Sutton, a recent sophomore transfer to High Point University. I am a journalism major interested in a marketing or political science minor. I was born and raised in Prince George’s County, Maryland. Regarding my personal life, growing up in Maryland and only a 25-minute drive to DC has been such a blessing and a great history lesson. In my everyday life, I come from a large family that is always filled with a new adventure. 

I started my college journey in New York, but High Point University's words of extraordinary sparked my interest and brought me here. Another reason was the beautiful studio, which all journalism majors have a chance to experience and learn from. I have only been here briefly, but I am incredibly excited to get more active in clubs relating to my major and my passion for editing videos and writing. 

My Journalism journey began in my junior year of high school. Like my college career, I started at one place and transitioned to another. I began my freshman and sophomore years of high school in the pre-law program, but after 2 years, my interest drove me to the broadcasting studio in the basement of my high school, and that moment of finding my spark has not left me. Working in a broadcast studio and working different jobs needed to make a show run was an amazing experience that I fell in love with. Some days, I would write scripts, work lights, do interviews, and edit videos for the show, and I loved it all. I was voted to be director my senior year as a studio assistant, which was a fantastic experience. It helped me to be accountable for my job and keep everyone on track, which I found to be an excellent growing experience. 

Regarding what I want to do with my journalism career, I would love to be a political or international affairs journalist. I would love to write articles and be in front of the camera for broadcast journalism, but what I genuinely love is in the field or behind-the-scenes moments. The work it takes to assemble a story, like research and following leads, is what I love. We are the watchdogs of society, and it is our job to make sure the public is aware of what is happening around them, and I would love to be a part of that.